Assessment of Irrigation Water Loss and Water Balance in the Thenpennaiyaru Basin of Tamil Nadu, India
M. Venkatesh *
Department of Agricultural Economics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
A. Vidhyavathi
Department of Agricultural Economics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
D. Suresh Kumar
Department of Agricultural Economics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
A. Raviraj
Department Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, Agricultural Engineering College and Research Institute, Kumular, Tamil Nadu, India.
M. R. Duraisamy
Department of Physical Sciences and Information Technology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
K. Harishankar
Department of Agricultural Economics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
This study employed a comprehensive technique for the systematic estimate of the water balance in Thenpennaiyaru river basin irrigation systems (TRB-IS) in Tamil Nadu, India. KRP reservoir and Sathanur reservoir in TRB are the primary water sources in the study area. We computed the actual water loss in open canals (e.g., leakage and evaporation). A water balance technique provides for the accounting of various system volume inputs (e.g., water abstraction, imported water, water volume owing to precipitation or surface runoff), authorized consumptions, and water losses in canals and intermediate reservoirs. The proposed methodology enables the evaluation of various water loss components (e.g., evaporation losses, unauthorized uses, metering errors, leakage, and discharges) and the calculation of water loss performance indicators that enable the identification of the most significant water loss problems and provide guidance for managing water losses. The approach is evaluated and implemented using a hybrid irrigation system. Results indicate that discharges in canal systems account for over half of the total volume of water loss, followed by leakage in canals and metering problems. These findings emphasize the need to enhance the everyday operation of these systems and restore their infrastructures.
Keywords: Water balance, Thenpennaiyaru river basin irrigation systems, intermediate reservoirs, leakage, discharges